【八屆通譯杯賽前輔導(dǎo)】口譯綜述
第八屆通譯杯【賽前輔導(dǎo)】系列之口譯綜述
在交替?zhèn)髯g實(shí)踐當(dāng)中,口譯員經(jīng)常會(huì)因?yàn)楦鞣N因素?zé)o法記筆記。比如,參觀廠房,參觀工作室,臨時(shí)性采訪等等。這些情況是對(duì)口譯員的一大挑戰(zhàn),只有利用較強(qiáng)的短期記憶能力,譯員才能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)將內(nèi)容記錄下來(lái),然后進(jìn)行翻譯。但是短期記憶能力并非天生才能具有,一名出色的口譯員可能同樣無(wú)法隨機(jī)記住一個(gè)陌生人的電話號(hào)碼,也可能會(huì)忘記講者的一些細(xì)節(jié)。但利用相應(yīng)的記憶技巧與適當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí),可以大幅度提高記憶效率,提高綜述與無(wú)筆記翻譯能力。
本次翻譯初賽的前兩道題便是綜述,分別要求參賽選手聽(tīng)兩遍錄音之后進(jìn)行源語(yǔ)綜述與譯語(yǔ)綜述。雖然允許選手記筆記,但筆記僅僅起提示作用,最重要的依然是短時(shí)記憶能力。短時(shí)記憶技巧中,經(jīng)常會(huì)用到的就是文本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的分析。下面我們將介紹此技巧。
介紹技巧之前,需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,本次初賽的綜述題,并非摘要題,切勿僅寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵詞與關(guān)鍵句。同時(shí),既然是綜述,就可以將過(guò)渡性與非核心信息的語(yǔ)句省略。
接下來(lái)是記憶技巧部分:
英文行文的一大特點(diǎn)就是:“一段議論或說(shuō)明的段落中,第一句永遠(yuǎn)提綱挈領(lǐng),表達(dá)核心觀點(diǎn),后面的文字多半是對(duì)第一句的闡釋?!币虼?,綜述中,頭幾句話一定要抓住并反映在答卷中,這是記憶技巧也是得分技巧。后面的解釋只要關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)到位即可。
例:
“Many people around me in the US keep asking me questions about Chinese new year and they want to know what people do and don't do during the new year. So now I am gonna briefly talk about it.
You are not allowed to wake somebody up in multiple ways. One of them is that you are not allowed to wake them up by saying their names. For example, during the new year,I could not say to mike, Hi, wake up Mike。Because it is believed that if you wake them up by calling their names, basically you will have to nag them throughout the rest of the year. So it would be a sign of laziness. That means your children will be lazy, you will have to constantly urge them to do things.”
如果聽(tīng)到這樣的一段文字,你需要做出的判斷有:
1. 第一段文字僅僅是過(guò)渡性文字,你僅需寫(xiě)下“We will talk about dos and do nots during Chinese New Year.”即可,并非核心信息,也不會(huì)計(jì)入分?jǐn)?shù)。
2. 第二段文字中,頭兩句為核心觀點(diǎn)句,必須記下?!皔ou should not wake somebody up in many ways”,“One of them is waking them up by calling their names”。這樣,兩分就收入囊中。有了兩個(gè)核心句子,剩下的內(nèi)容也就非常容易記下。無(wú)非就是解釋為何不能喊別人的名字來(lái)叫醒他。那么解釋你可以這樣來(lái)寫(xiě),“Because waking them up by calling their names means you will have to nag them throughout the rest of the year, which might mean laziness.”如果這樣寫(xiě)下來(lái),你又可以獲得三分。注意,這里我們并沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格按照原文寫(xiě)下來(lái),只要信息得當(dāng),用自己的話表達(dá)也沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題,即節(jié)省字?jǐn)?shù),又可以節(jié)省時(shí)間。
以上是源語(yǔ)復(fù)述的一個(gè)小練習(xí),大家平常自己可以找一些聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)練習(xí),鍛煉下自己的信息提煉與邏輯分析能力。
在下一篇文章中,我們將給出更多的答題示范與分析。